The Bhumisparsha mudra represents the pivotal moment in the Buddha's life when he attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree - symbolizing the triumph over the temptations and illusions of the material world, as he touched the earth, bearing witness to his rightful claim to enlightenment. The Abhaya mudra, with the raised hand bestowing fearlessness, exemplifies the Buddha's role as the dispeller of fear and suffering. It signifies his readiness to offer guidance and protection to all beings who seek refuge in his teachings.