Brahma is the lord of wisdom and his wife Saraswati is goddess of music and wisdom, mother of the Vedas, and inventor of the Devanagari alphabet. In pre-Vedic and Vedic times, we find her venerated as the goddess of rivers. Later she evolves into the goddess of eloquence and then into a goddess seated by the side of the great Brahma as his shakti.

The goddess is seated in a scenic setting, her head slightly tilted. In one hand she holds the vina, a stringed instrument which symbolizes the arts as a whole and in the other hand a bundle of manuscripts, a symbol of wisdom and writing. She wears an ornate crown studded with precious stones. Around the head is a halo with rays. From grand earrings to gold anklets, she is bedecked in jewelry. She wears rich clothes with a flowing odhini. She rests her feet on the swan, her particular mount and a characteristic sign.

The landscape in the painting is very rich and contributes to its composition. The white/lilac clouds provide a color relief to an otherwise bright colored painting. Hills and mountains can be seen in the distance. Closer in the background are sheafs of corns swaying in the wind. The swan is in a pond with lotus leaves, buds and full bloomed lotus flowers.

Goddess Saraswati looks charming and graceful. The composition is pleasant and establishes a feeling of balance and continuity between different contents.

Oil painting technique – India centric

Oil painting is the most interesting technique in art. Unlike other paintings or art forms, oil painting is a process in which colored pigments are painted on the canvas with a drying oil medium as a binder. This medium helps colors blend beautifully to create layers and also makes them appear rich and dense. Several varieties of oil are used in this painting such as sunflower oil, linseed oil, etc., and depending on the quality of the oil, a particular consistency of the paint is developed. With the use of an oil medium, the painting gets a natural sheen on the surface which appears extremely attractive. India is famous for its old tradition of making oil paintings. This art form was brought by Europeans in the 18th century and is now practiced by almost all well-known artists. Nirmal, a small tribal town in the state of Telangana is the center of traditional oil paintings in India where the local people practice it with dedication. Most Indian artists still use the traditional technique of oil painting.

Canvas of the required size is prepared

The artists use either a wood panel or canvas made from linen or cotton. Sometimes the canvas is stretched onto the wooden frame to form a solid base, or cardboard may be used. The canvas is coated with a layer of white paint or chalk mixed with animal glue. This mixture is then smoothed and dried to form a uniform, textured surface. The wooden panel is more expensive and heavier but its solidity is an advantage in making detailed paintings with ease.

Sketch is drawn on the canvas

Now the artist starts to draw the subject of the painting on the canvas using the actual charcoal or a charcoal pencil. Sometimes, he may sketch with thinned paint as well.

Oil paint is applied using paint brushes or palette knives

Now that the rough sketch is prepared, the artist is now ready to paint. Oil paint, a special paint that contains particles of pigments suspended in a drying oil (usually linseed oil), is again mixed with oil to make it thinner for applying it on the canvas. Proper consistency of the paint is maintained to avoid its breakage. The most important rule for the application of oil paint is “Fat over lean” in which the first layer of paint is thin and later, thicker layers are applied. This means that each additional layer of paint contains more oil. This results in getting a stable paint film. Traditionally, paint was applied using paint brushes but now the artists also use palette knives to create crisp strokes. To paint using this technique, the edge of the palette knife is used to create textured strokes that appear different from that of a paintbrush. Sometimes, oil paints are blended simply using fingers for getting the desired gradation.

Smaller oil paintings, with very fine detail, are relatively easier to paint than larger ones. The most attractive feature of these paintings is the natural shiny appearance that is obtained on the surface because of the use of oil paint. The blending of colors looks extremely realistic and this is the reason why oil paintings are loved by everyone throughout the world.