A Thangka presenting a story from the life of Buddha is made up of many panels, or concentric circles, each telling a story from important incidents known as the "Jataka tales." These stories describe Siddhartha Gautama's past incarnations before achieving Nirvana. The following is a synopsis of the 12 major episodes that are depicted in a conventional Thangka:
Birth: Siddhartha's birth in Lumbini, with Queen Maya holding the branch of a sal tree.
Renunciation: The young prince's departure from the palace, leaving behind his luxurious life to seek spiritual understanding.
The Great Departure: Siddhartha's journey as an ascetic, symbolized by matted hair and austere practices.
The Enlightenment Tree: Under the Bodhi tree, Siddhartha achieved enlightenment, symbolized by the serene figure meditating with the Bodhi tree in the background.
Defeating Mara: The confrontation with Mara, the tempter, and Siddhartha's victory over desire and ignorance.
The First Sermon: Siddhartha delivered his first sermon in Deer Park, known as the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, teaching the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
Miracles: Displaying miracles to skeptics to reinforce the Dharma.
The Taming of Nalagiri: Calming the intoxicated elephant Nalagiri, showcases Siddhartha's compassion even towards beings in distress
The Monkey King Offering Honey: A tale of generosity, where a monkey offers honey to Siddhartha during his meditation.
The Miracle of Shravasti: Siddhartha performs a miracle to subdue the arrogance of non-believers.
Parinirvana: The final departure from the earthly life, symbolized by the reclining Buddha representing the state of Nirvana.
Dharmachakra Parinirvana: The turning of the wheel of Dharma, symbolizing the continuous cycle of teachings for the benefit of all sentient beings.
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