The eyes of the Medicine Buddha are half closed and there is a circle (urna) between his eyebrows; his neck has three folds (trivali) which signify the sweetness of his speech.He is wearing a beautiful monastic cloak, covering both the shoulders leaving the breast bare. The garments are ornately decorated with stylized designs in gold against the black background. The middle ground and background of the painting is filled with mountainous plateaus, medicinal plants, fruits, herbs, lakes, high peaks and stylized clouds etc. Above the clouds are the sun and the moon, with stars. At the bottom, Bodhisattva Suryaprabha (on proper right side) and Bodhisattva Chandraprabha (on proper left side) have been depicted. The centre bottom is filled with a pool and offerings.

It is said that for the sake of lay patients and sick disciples, Buddha appeared as Bhaisajyaguru in a blue complexion and taught the science of medicine at Sudarsana, the palace of Indra on Mount Sumeru. The Buddha stayed there for four years in the Medicine forest. To turn the wheel of medical science, the Buddha became Bhaisajyaguru and attained the Samadhi called 'expelling 404 diseases'.

The cult of Bhaisajyaguru is still very popular in Tibet, Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan. He is said to dispense spiritual medicine when properly worshipped. The Bhaisajyaguru dharani describes special characteristics, rituals, and related legends of Bhaisajyaguru or Medicine Buddha.

This description by Dr. Shailendra Kumar Verma, Ph.D. His doctorate thesis being on the "Emergence and Evolution of the Buddha Image (from its inception to 8th century A.D)."

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Unveiling the Divine Art: Journey into the Making of Thangkas

A Thangka is a traditional Tibetan Buddhist painting that usually depicts a Buddhist Deity (Buddha or Bodhisattva), a scene, or a mandala. These paintings are considered important paraphernalia in Buddhist rituals. They are used to teach the life of the Buddha, various lamas, and Bodhisattvas to the monastic students, and are also useful in visualizing the deity while meditating. One of the most important subjects of thangkas is the Bhavacakra (the wheel of life) which depicts the Art of Enlightenment. It is believed that Thangka paintings were developed over the centuries from the murals, of which only a few can be seen in the Ajanta caves in India and the Mogao caves in Gansu Province, Tibet. Thangkas are painted on cotton or silk applique and are usually small in size. The artist of these paintings is highly trained and has a proper understanding of Buddhist philosophy, knowledge, and background to create a realistic and bona fide painting.

The process of making a thangka begins with stitching a loosely woven cotton fabric onto a wooden frame. Traditionally, the canvas was prepared by coating it with gesso, chalk, and base pigment.

After this, the outline of the form of the deity is sketched with a pencil or charcoal onto the canvas using iconographic grids. The drawing process is followed in accordance with strict guidelines laid out in Buddhist scriptures. The systematic grid helps the artist to make a geometrical and professional painting. When the drawing of the figures is finalized and adjusted, it is then outlined with black ink.

Earlier, a special paint of different colors was made by mixing powdered forms of organic (vegetable) and mineral pigments in a water-soluble adhesive. Nowadays, artists use acrylic paints instead. The colors are now applied to the sketch using the wet and dry brush techniques. One of the characteristic features of a thangka is the use of vibrant colors such as red, blue, black, green, yellow, etc.

In the final step, pure gold is coated over some parts of the thangka to increase its beauty. Due to this beautification, thangkas are much more expensive and also stand out from other ordinary paintings.

Thangka paintings are generally kept unrolled when not on display on the wall. They also come with a frame, a silken cover in front, and a textile backing to protect the painting from getting damaged. Because Thangkas are delicate in nature, they are recommended to be kept in places with no excess moisture and where there is not much exposure to sunlight. This makes them last a long time without their colors fading away. Painting a thangka is an elaborate and complex process and requires excellent skills. A skilled artist can take up to 6 months to complete a detailed thangka painting. In earlier times, thangka painters were lamas that spent many years on Buddhist studies before they painted.