The Central Institute of Indian Languages has reached 25 years of age and it is a time for reflection about its origin, development, achievements and shortfalls.

The study of Indian language with the objective of preparing them for the new roles of national reconstruction and development was the concern of many from the independence of the country. The major responsibility to support such a study was to be taken up by the State. The Kher Commission of the Government of India recommended the establishment of three Central Institutes for this purpose. The Official Language Resolution of 1968 made the Central Government also responsible for the development of all Indian languages in addition to Hindi. These and other developments led to the establishment of Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) in Mysore on July 17, 1969.

The primary objective of the Institute is the development of Indian languages ensuring coordination between the various developmental activities at the governmental and non governmental levels and also by orienting linguistic research for the development of Indian languages. The Institute is also to contribute towards the maintenance of multilingualism of the country through language teaching, and translation and to strengthen the common bond between the Indian languages.

The work of the Institute consists of research, training and production of teaching materials. The results of these activities can be seen in its more than 300 publications and 6879 teachers trained in its Regional Language Centres. The Institute has been able to make an impact in language teaching in schools making it skill based and function oriented. It has brought audio visual and computed technology to aid the teaching of Indian languages. It has helped many tribal languages to be codified, described and used in education. Its research and training programmes in social, physiological and folkloristic aspects of language and culture have introduced new dimensions to research on Indian languages. The International Institutes organised by the Institute in sociolinguistics, semiotics, phonetics and other areas have helped the development of human resource in these areas.

The major problem of the Institute is that it cannot meet all language needs of the whole country. It has to play the role of a catalyst and model setter. The other agencies are to take over the universal implementation of the innovations. This has not taken place to the desired extent.

In the coming years, the Institute plans to consolidate the earlier work and expand the work in the areas of translation, computer applications and production of audio visual materials. It wishes to strike new grounds in language evaluation and storage and dissemination of language information. The Institute will move into anew Campus to carry on the work with new vigour and vision.

One part of the Silver Jubilee Celebration is the publication of 25 special volumes. The present book is one of these volumes.

A Special Committee for planning the development of Indian languages was appointed (in the 1950s) by the Ministry of Education, Government of India under the chairmanship of the late Kaka Katre, the Committee recommended that statistical information of a linguistic nature (as distinct from demographic) be made available for the major languages. Deccan College, Pune went ahead and published a doctoral dissertation (inclusive of a report of the actual count for Marathi).

Phonemic frequencies in Marathi and their relation to devising a speed Script by S. V. Bhagwat, Pune: Deccan College, 1961.

A slightly modified plan was drawn up later and uniformity across languages was recommended to facilitate comparison. Work was assigned to different institutions by the Ministry. Two more publications followed:

Phonemic and morphemic frequencies in Hindi by A. M. Ghatage, Pune: Deccan College, 1964 (work carried out at Deccan College).

Phonemic and morphemic frequencies of Gujarati language by P. B. Pandit, Pune: Deccan College, 1965 (work carried out at Gujarat University),

Work on two more languages was completed at Deccan College in 1966, namely, Oriya and Malayalam. I have no information in respect of the remaining languages.

I am happy that the work done on phonemic and morphophonemic frequency count. In Oriya finally sees the light of the day, thanks to the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, especially its first Director, Dr. Debi Prasanna Pattanayak. (I only hope that work on the remaining Indian languages will also be published soon enough and one more dream of Dr. Katre’s is thus fulfilled.)

I wish to thank the Government of India and Deccan College, which Supported the work in various ways. And of course must thank Mr. Mohanacharana Senapati (now at Utkala Sangeet Mahavidyalaya, Bhubaneswar, Orissa) who did the actual counting and who never lost sight of the fact that he was doing something of service to his own language.

Since I have dwelt at length in the Introduction which follows on the methodology of linguistic frequency counts and their potential uses, I shall add nothing here. I shall be grateful for any feedback (including reviews), which may kindly be sent to me.

+ **Contents and Sample Pages**