1. 1. THE DINA-I MAINOG-I KHIRAD.

Regarding the reading of this name, here adopted, it must be observed that the correct pronunciation of the Pahlavi word mainog, 'spirit,' is uncertain; the traditional reading is madonad, which is a possible pronunciation of its letters, but is otherwise inexplicable; Haug proposed to read mainivad or minavad, but, in that case, the word ought to end with d=t, or with nd; some of the present Dasturs read minoė, but this would be written minoek in Pahlavi: the Pazand writers have mainyo, but this is evidently an imitation of Av. mainyavo, and does not correspond with the Pahlavi letters. As the word is manu or mind in the Sasanian inscriptions, and minu in Persian, to which words a final k would be added in Pahlavi, it seems probable that the final letter of the Pahlavi word is not d or e, but g, a corruption of k, and that we ought to read minog or mainog. At the same time it should be noticed that a very old copy of the Pahlavi Farhang, in the library of Dastur Jamaspji Minochiharji in Bombay, has the word written with an extra medial stroke, so that it might be read minavand, as required by Haug's hypothesis, although this copy of the Farhang gives madonend as the traditional reading.