Tables for 632 years, from 1469 CE to 2100 CE have been provided on daily basis for mutual conversion between the dates of Common Era, Bikrami Samvat, Saka Samvat, and the Hijri Sann (Era). It is a very useful tool for the historian working with the documents concerning the medieval history. It has been found to be more accurate than some other available works.
Tables for Dussehra, and Divali dates for 632 years have been provided to help accurately fix the dates of events that took place or are planned to take place on those fairs. Swami Kannu Pillai's Indian Ephemeris has been discussed as to its suitability and otherwise for Punjab. To help understand the calendars, definitions. of terms used in them have been provided. The divisions of the day from sunrise to sunset are explained.
And finally, a calendar for 3000 CE is provided as a treat for the reader, and to show how dates of events remain unchanged from year to year in Nanakshahi Calendar while they drift in the Bikrami Calendar.
The present work covers the period from Nanakshahi I to Nanakshahi 631/32, 1469 CE to 2100 CE, Bikrami 1525/26 to Bikrami 2156/57. Dates of these calendars along with the week days are given on daily basis. From 1469 CE to 1968 CE Bikrami dates are according to Surya Siddhanta, and from 1961 CE to 2100 CE the calculation is according to Drik Ganit. From 1999 CE Nanakshahi dates are given in a separate column based on the new Nanakshahi Calendar. The dates of the Hijri calendar for Hijri 873/74 to Hijri 1418/1419 are given on daily basis, and then up to 2100 CE in a separate ta
Common Era:
The Christian Era abbreviated as AD or BC, now a days is more commonly known as Common Era abbreviated as CE or BCE, as the case may be, since the adoption or parallel use of its calendar in most countries of the world. Its ordinary years have 365 days and leap years 366 days. The number of days in each month are fixed. February in a leap year has 29 days but in an ordinary year has 28 days. Prior to 1582 CE the leap year rule was: if a year was divisible by 4 without remainder it was a leap year. This gave an average length of 365. 25 days in a year. This length is a little more than the length of the solar tropical year of very close to 365, 2422 days. Therefore, the beginning of the year in the Julian Calendar, as it was called, occurred a little later every year in relation to the tropical year on which the cycle of seasons depends. In the year 325 CE the spring equinox (day and night equal) occurred on 20 March but because of gradual advance of the beginning of Julian year spring equinox occurred on 10 March, 1582 CE. Julian calendar was getting out of step with the seasons. Pope Gregory on the recommendation of a committee of experts introduced the reform to the Julian calendar, wemoving this discrepancy and altering the leap year rule.
**Contents and Sample Pages**
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