About the Book
The Tiruviruttam is an iconic poem by Nammalvar (c. ninth century CE) the greatest of the alvar poet-saints of the Tamil Srivaisnava tradition. Its hundred interlinked verses celebrate the love between an anonymous heroine and hero, who come to be identified with Nammalvar and his beloved deity, Visnu. The poet masterfully weaves the erotic and esoteric to reveal both the contours of love and the never-ending cycles of separation and union, of birth and death, from which only Visnu can offer release.
In A Hundred Measures of Time, Archana Venkatesan has crafted a sonorous free-verse rendering and an accompanying far-ranging essay to delight poetry lovers and scholars alike.
About the Author
Archana Venkatesan is associate professor of Comparative Literature and Religious Studies at the University of California, Davis. She has received numerous grants, including fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities, American Institute of Indian Studies and Fulbright. Her research interests are in the intersection of text and performance in south India, as well as in the translation of early and medieval Tamil poetry into English. She is the author of The Secret Garland: Antal’s Tiruppavai and Nacciyar Tirumoli (2010), and is collaborating with Francis Clooney of Harvard University on an English translation of Nammalvar’s Tiruvaymoli.
Contents
Acknowledgements
ix
A Note on Transliteration
xvii
Pravesarn: Entering the World of the Tiruviruttam
1
PART I
A Hundred Measures of Time: Nammalvar’s Tiruviruttam
23
PART II
The Measure of Time: On Reading Nammalvar’s Tiruviruttam
77
PART III
Periyavaccan Pillai’s Commentary on the Tiruviruttam
179
Appendix 1: Index of Characters
195
Appendix 2: Index cif Motifs and Typology of Verses
197
Appendix 3: Indices of Myths, Places and Names
200
Annotations to Nammalvar’s Tiruviruttam
203
Notes
213
Glossary
237
Bibliography
245
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