This set consists of 2 titles:
It was as per the instructions from Professor Unithiri himself that, l'approached Dr. C Rajendran, who had become the Head of the Department of Sanskrit at Calicut University by then and expressed my desire to do research. One of his students had just submitted his thesis. Here again, by a stroke of sheer luck, I got an opportunity to join in that vacancy. He permitted me to go ahead on condition that would not ask for extension of the term. A great task master, he impressed me upon the importance of dedication and hard work and the necessity of meeting Idea lines in research. Our discussions opened up new avenues of thought in me. His enthusiasm was contagious. That is how who was completely ignorant of the preliminaries of research, turned out to be a research scholar, who could submit my thesis well in time. Even now, when I think of those days of hectic activities, I feel elated about the manner in which I could combine my research activities with those of my otherwise busy work schedule. Little did I realize at that time that eventually, I would end up as the Vice Chancellor of Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady.
The topic of my research The Concept of Pratibha in Sanskrit Literature was suggested by Unithiri master himself long back when I had met him at a meeting. This topic, in fact, has an extensive canvas. Set out in seven chapters, my present study starts with a chapter giving an account of Pratibha, the creative intuition as described in Indian Philosophy and ending with the interesting discussion of the concept by Jagannatha Pandita. The second chapter enquires into the concept of Pratibha in Bharthari. The third and fourth chapters trace the concept of Pratibha in Anandvardhana and Abhinavagupta respectively. The fifth chapter explores the concept of Pratibha in Kuntaka and the sixth one looks into the evolution of concept of Pratibha. The final chapter is set apart for my critical observations.
I hope the study will be beneficial to those who evince a keen interest in learning more about Pratibha. As the title suggests, I have attempted only a compilation of the ideas put forward by the eminent philosophers and grammarians of ancient India. I have only prepared a wider canvas for further research into Pratibha. If it proves to be of some use to lovers of poetics and aesthetics, I shall be gratified.
My guide Dr. C Rajendran who is an internationally acclaimed scholar has always been a source of great inspiration for me. This humble effort of mine would not have been possible but for his loving but strict guidance. Also, I cannot afford to forget Dr. C. C. Damodaran and Prof. Ahamedkutty Sivapuram, who have enriched my thoughts with valuable discourses on Pratibha all along my daily trips from Calicut to Government Brennan College, Thalassery. The guidance and counsel rendered by Prof. M. G. Purushothaman Nampiathiri, the principal, during my student days, of Government Sanskrit College, Trivandrum and Prof. R Vasudevan Potti were always there to steer me through rough weather.
The rare collections of priceless books in the libraries of the Sanskrit departments of the University of Calicut, Government Sanskrit College, Tripunithura and Government Brennan College, Thalassery were a cornucopia of knowledge for me. The blessings and directions bestowed upon me by the erudite Sanskrit professors at the University of Calicut like Dr.N.V.P.Unithiri, Dr.K.N.N.Ilayathu, Dr.T.K.Narayanan, Dr. P. Narayanan Namboothiri, Dr. K.K. Geethakumari and Dr. K. Sekharan were highly productive and motivating. I would also like to thank M/s. Beena Printers, Chenakkal for having done the DTP work, and the Publication Division, Department of Sanskrit, University of Calicut which published this book in the Calicut University Sanskrit series.
I dedicate this book to the loving memory of late Prof. Thirunallur Karunakaran, who showed me the way to Trivandrum Government Sanskrit College at a time when, after SSLC in 1969, my higher studies were hanging in the balance.
The topic selected by Prasad is the doctrine of Pratibha in Sanskrit literature. It is often claimed, not without reason, that ancient Indian poeticians, while giving utmost importance to aesthetic experience and reader response related to literature, the same amount of attention was not given to its creative aspect. On the other hand, the institution of the author-dominated 'western' discourses. It may be an irony that things have come to a full circle in recent times with the authority of the author becoming problematic and the reading process gaining the upper hand. Be it as it may, it is not fully correct to maintain that the creative process did not receive any attention from Indian aestheticians, as is proved by the insightful discussions they have made about the concept of Pratibha the creative aspect of artistic intuition. Prasad has explored various aspects of this interesting concept in his research work, gathering pieces of information from a wide range of texts and contextualising them. The Department of Sanskrit has been in the forefront of many academic activities related to Sanskrit studies. The prestigious Sanskrit series undertaken by the Department has published several significant studies related to Sanskrit poetics and aesthetics. I am sure that the present work will be welcomed by the discerning scholarly world as a significant addition to this list.
Book's Contents and Sample Pages
The present work deals with some basic problems common to both the traditions, namely gramma rians and dhvani school of rhetori cians. This work seeks to trace the mutual relationship, influence, continuance and critical thought of works belonging to two different fields. In order to keep the inquiry within limits I have discussed mainly the more important theories in both the traditions namely, sphoța, pratibhā and (dhvani).
In this books I have attempted to present the views of Bhartṛhari and Anandavardhana in a historical perspective. It is my endeavour to set forth the sphoța, pratibha and dhvani theories using modern terminology to the extent possible and necessary.
Ajodhya Nath Hota, Reader in Sanskrit, M.P.C. Autonomous College, Baripada.
In the ninth Century Anadavardhana had established Dhvani concept taking cue from the grammarians who were masters of the language. Modern research is committed to constantly exploring different facets of language. But it appears, no one has seriously tried to provide a linguistic status to the dhvani concept of Anandavardhana. Dhvani concept is nothing but a linguistic theory whose origin goes back to Shpoṭāyana and Vārtākṣa. Bhartṛhari, the great grammatical philosopher, gave concrete shape to it. It is an object language which is developed from meta language. It is a mode of communication in common and poetic speech. In this century when Information Technology has taken giant strides in the field of communication skills, the analysis of dhvani language should not lag behind. An intensive study shows the development of this language from phonetic level to semantic level. As the bosom of the Ganges swells by various tributaries, the dhvani-semantics has similarly absorbed thoughts of many scholars through different ages. This book is a humble attempt to bestow semantic status to Anandavardhana's language theory.
**Contents and Sample Pages**
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