It is interesting to note that these institutions drew the participation of both Muslims and Hindus equally which promoted tolerance, friendship and established cultural and religious harmony among all the people in the kingdom.
In the early part of the ninth century (ie., 895 A.H.), the Bahamani Governors of Ahmed Nagar, Bijapur and Berar declared independence and this event marks a new chapter in annals of the Deccan. In these new independent provinces, the Qutba was read out in the name of the new kings and every day drums were beaten five times. The Tarafdar of Telangana, Qutb-ul-Mulk also seems to have become an independent ruler. But it is still a controversy among the contemporary historians if he declared his independence. Ferishta claims that Qutb-ul-Mulk assumed sovereignty ever since he was appointed as Tarafdar but formal declaration on the part of Qutb-ul-Mulk does not accord as an act of loyalty."
**Contents and Sample Pages**
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