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Anguish, Protest and Surcharged Nationalism-A Study of the Proscribed Literature in Colonial Bihar (1912-47)

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Item Code: HAQ565
Author: Nagendra Mohan Prasad Srivastava
Publisher: Directorate Of Bihar State Archives
Language: English
Edition: 2015
ISBN: 9789381456361
Pages: 785
Cover: HARDCOVER
Other Details 9.5x6.5 inch
Weight 1.32 kg
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Book Description
About the Book

His first book Growth of Nationalism in India: Effects of International Events (1905-24) published in 1973, with the financial support from the Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi.

The Bihar Hindi Granth Academy, Patna, has published his four books under University Standard Books Preparation Scheme of the Government of India. They are- Bihar Mein Rashtriyata Ka Vikas (1974), Bihar Kesari Dr Shrikrishna Sinha: Jivan Vrit Awam Parivesh (1987), Sampradayik Sadbhav Ke Praneta: Mazharul Haque (1996), and Azadi Ki Jung: Bihar Ke Mashhoor Krantikari (2001); K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna has published his three books- Struggle for Freedom: Some Great Indian Revolutionaries (1988), Colonial Bihar, Independence and Thereafter: A History of The Searchlight (1998), and Militant Nationalism in Colonial Bihar (1905-1947) in 2013, besides an edited book Life and Times of Abul Kalam Azad (1993); Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna has published his book in Urdu Bihar Mein Quami Tahreek Ka Irteqa, 2000. Amomg his other publications are- J.P. and Shri Babu- Allegations: Counter-Allegations (Patna, 2003), Rise of Militant Nationalism in Bihar: Sir Jadunath Sarkar with Bihar Revolutionaries, (Patna, 2004), 42 years in Journalism and Research: My Works (Patna, 2007) and a book on Indology Kamakhya Ka Pauranik Tatha Darshanik Aadhar (Patna, 2009).

About the Author

Dr. Nagendra Mohan Prasad Srivastava, popularly known as N.M.P.Srivastava- born, May 19, 1941, village Sahimpur, P.S. Raghunathpur, district Saran (now Siwan); passed matric, 1957, Rajpuir High School, Raghunathpur P.S.; Intermediate, 1959, Gopeshwar College, Hathwa; B.A.Homs (Political Science ), 1961, Patna College; M.A. (Political Science), 1964, Patna University; Ph.D (Political Science), 1969, Patna University, one of the Ph.D examiners being Professor A.T. Embree, Professor of History, Columbia University, U.S.A; senior journalist, staff correspondent, The Searchlight, an organ of the Indian freedom movement, February 13, 1969 till the closure of the paper August 24, 1986; Staff Correspondent The Hindustan Times, Patna edition, Senior Correspondent, Deputy Chief Reporter, July 15, 1986 till retirement, May 18, 2001; first journalist of Bihar to get Senior Research Fellowship of the Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi, 2002, worked on Militant Nationalism in Colonial Bihar (1905-1947); Senior Academic Fellowship of the Indian Council of Historical Research awarded, 2010, worked on Anguish, Protest and Surcharged Nationalism: A Study of Proscribed Literature in Colonial Bihar (1912-47).

Preface

'The trouble is that England acquired India for England's advantage, not for India's, and that she holds India for England's benefits, not for India's. She administers India with an eye to England's interests, not India's, and she passes judgment upon every question as a judge would were he permitted to decide his own case. 'The officials in India owe their appointment directly on indirectly from the Home Government, and the Home Government hold authority at the sufferance of the people of England, not of the people of India. The officials who go out of England to serve a certain time, and then return whose interests are in England rather than in India, and whose sympathies are naturally with the British rater than with natives, cannot be expected to view questions from the same standpoint as the Indian. Neither can these officials are expected to know the needs of the people as well as those who share their daily life and aspirations.

The Company made its first debut to India through Sea routes In 1608, under leadership of Captain Hawkins who met the Mughal Emperor Jahangir at his Agra Court with a letter from the British King James II addressed to the Emperor. Jahangir received Captain Hawkins with great elate and provided him initially a mansab of 400 with a jagir. In 1614, the Company was granted a Royal farman to open factories at many places in Mughal India. In 1615, the Company's Ambassador, Sir Thomas Roe, succeeded in getting from the Mughal Emperor an Imperial farman to trade and establish factories in all parts of the Mughal Empire. It also got many trade concessions and large powers in the matter of trade monopoly from Emperor Shahjahan and Auranjeb.

The East India Company established itself in India first as a trading concern and thereafter by gradual capture of Indian territories after disintegration of the Mughal Empire following the death of Auranjeb on February 21,1707.

The hunger of the East India Company for Indian territories led to an armed conflict in Bengal in 1757, in which the combined forces of the Company in league with the Company-supported traitors- Mir Jafar and Rai Durlabh - defeated Nawab Sirajudaula of Bengal on June 23,1757, in the battle field of Plassey, a place 20 miles away from Murshidabad. Sirajudaula was captured and killed by Miran, Mir Jafar's son. It was the first political conquest of India by the Great Britain with full support of British Parliament that paved the way for political control over entire Indian territories.

In 1765, a nominal Mughal Emperor of Delhi,, Shah Alam II, was forced to grant the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company by which the entire revenue and financial administration of the three provinces passed into the hands of the Company's officials.

Introduction

The press in India has played the most important role in generating national consciousness among the people of India despite authoritarian control over it by the colonial rulers-East India Company till 1857, and the British Parliament thereafter till 1947. With the very emergence of the press in the 18th century, editors and publishers, both Anglo-Indians and Indians, fought courageously for press freedom, attacked the so-called superior rights and privileges of colonial rulers, and suffered deportation and imprisonment for not toeing the official line. Tili 1857, the colonial ruler, the East India Company, was mainly interested in maintaining and protecting its annexed Indian territorial areas, its military powers, and private lives of the servants and officials of the East India company. It was intolerant of press criticism and so it imposed censor or pre-censor on press from time to time to stifle the dissent. The Great Revolt of 1857 changed the situation and the colonial rulers in its press legislation that year added for the first time the words "curbing sedition in press" for fear of growing patriotic sentiments among Indians.

After the Revolt of 1857,, the Indian press identified itself with growing sentiments of nationalism, highlighted atrocities of colonial rulers perpetuated on the fighters for freedom, and stimulated masses to overthrow the British regime to establish self-government in its place. It played pioneering role at all stages of Indian liberation movement until India was granted independence from the British yoke on August 15, 1947.

The colonial Government brought out stringent legislations to block the march of freedom, seize the press, ban its publications, and send editors to jail. But it could not succeed in curbing patriotic zeal of fearless editors who were basically freedom fighters.

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